In this article
This guide compares the citizenship and residence programmes that are open today. Every figure in the tables is read directly from our programme records, so when a record is updated, this guide changes with it.
How to read the tables
The investment column shows the lowest published investment route in the programme's own currency. It is often the price for a single applicant or for a family of up to four, and it does not include government fees, due diligence or professional costs. Rows are ordered by that figure, converted at dated reference exchange rates for ordering only. Programmes without a published figure, or in a currency without a reference rate, are listed last.
Citizenship programmes
Citizenship confers nationality and, in time, a passport. Check the residence column: some programmes require no stay at all, others a visit or a minimum number of days.
| Programme | Lowest published investment | Who can be included | Residence obligation | Processing time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nauru Economic and Climate Resilience Citizenship | USD 90,000Contribution (single applicant, discounted until 31 Dec 2026) | Spouse, dependent children, parents and siblings, each with an extra fee. | No residence or visit required; the application can be completed remotely. | Standard processing is three to four months from submission, if all documents are in order. |
| São Tomé and Príncipe Citizenship by Investment | USD 90,000Donation (single applicant) | Information pending verification | Information pending verification | About six weeks, as reported at launch. |
| Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment | USD 130,000Development Support Programme contribution (single) | Information pending verification | Information pending verification | Typically one to three months to passport, depending on document collection. |
| Dominica Citizenship by Investment | USD 200,000Economic Diversification Fund (single) | Dependants are people who rely on the main applicant as their primary source of income, such as a spouse, children, parents and grandparents. No age limits are published; reports list children under 31 and parents and grandparents aged 65+. | No minimum stay required. Reported: the August 2026 budget address announced a 30-day presence requirement within the first five years of citizenship. It is not in force and no start date has been given. | Typically 3–6 months from submission to approval (official estimate); interviews for applicants 16+. |
| Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment | USD 230,000National Development Fund | Spouse; children under 30 who are financially dependent on the main applicant; children aged 18+ with a physical or mental disability who are fully supported; parents and grandparents of the main applicant or spouse aged 55+ who are financially dependent; unmarried siblings of the main applicant or spouse. Spouse, dependent children and dependent parents over 55 may be included with no additional NDF contribution; fees apply per person. | At least five days in the country within the first five years of citizenship. Reported: a 2026 bill would raise the requirement from five days to 30, and the Prime Minister told Parliament the 30-day rule is already applied administratively; the Citizenship by Investment Unit's website still gives five days. | About 14 months on average (10 to 18 months), based on late-2025 data. |
| Grenada Citizenship by Investment | USD 235,000National Transformation Fund | Spouse, children under 30, unmarried siblings 18+, parents and grandparents of the applicant and spouse. | No minimum stay; a visit is not required to complete the process. | About 7 months on average (4 to 9 months), based on late-2025 data. |
| Saint Lucia Citizenship by Investment | USD 240,000National Economic Fund | Spouse, qualifying children, parents of applicant or spouse over 55 who are fully supported, parents of any age with disabilities, and unmarried siblings under 18 with parental consent. | No residence or visit required. Reported: Act No. 22 of 2025 requires applicants and qualifying dependants to meet prescribed requirements for residency and genuine link; Statutory Instrument No. 57 of 2026 adds a biometric duty but sets no number of days. | About 18 months on average to approval (12 to 26 months), based on late-2025 data. |
| Egypt Citizenship by Investment | USD 250,000Non-refundable treasury payment | All spouses and children must be declared in the application with supporting documents. | No specific residence requirement; the investment must be kept for a set period. | Initial decision three to six months after a complete file; six months' temporary residence to complete the investment; final decision within three months; passport about six to twelve months overall. |
| St. Kitts and Nevis Citizenship by Investment | USD 250,000Sustainable Island State Contribution | Spouse; children under 18; children aged 18–30 in recognised full-time education and fully supported by the main applicant; children aged 18+ with a physical or mental disability; parents of the applicant or spouse aged 55+ who live with and are fully supported by the main applicant. There is no limit on the number of dependants. | No minimum stay required. Reported: the Citizenship by Investment Unit has described a mandatory genuine-link requirement including structured physical presence and residency, while its FAQ still says there are no mandatory residency requirements to keep citizenship. | About 4–6 months (120–180 days) from the Citizenship Unit's acknowledgment of the application, plus document preparation. A mandatory interview applies to the main applicant; dependants aged 16+ may also be interviewed. |
| Türkiye Citizenship by Investment | USD 400,000Real estate (from) | Spouse, children under 18, and children of any age living with disabilities. | One visit to give biometrics; a Turkish bank account is also required. | About 3 to 6 months from submission. |
| Jordan Citizenship Through Investment | JOD 500,000New productive business outside Amman (paid-up capital) | Spouse, dependent daughters, unmarried sons under 24 and dependent parents. Above JD 2 million, unmarried sons up to 30 and their families can also be included. | No specific residence requirement; the investment must be kept for a set period. | Business routes: residence during a four-month hiring period, then a three-year temporary passport; citizenship is recommended after three years of compliance. No interim stage is described for the share and direct-employment routes. |
| Cambodia Citizenship by Investment or Donation | USD 1,000,000Investment in a priority project (about) | Information pending verification | Information pending verification | Information pending verification |
| Samoa Citizenship by Investment | WST 4,000,000Minimum investment | Spouse and dependent children. | At least 15 days a year in Samoa during the three-year permanent residence period. | Information pending verification |
Residence programmes
Residence gives the right to live in a country, usually through a permit that must be renewed. The residence obligation matters more here, because it often decides whether the permit can be renewed and whether it can lead to citizenship later.
| Programme | Lowest published investment | Who can be included | Residence obligation | Processing time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latvia Investor Residence Permit | EUR 50,000Company share capital (smaller company) | Spouse and children under 18. | No minimum number of days, but a yearly visit to confirm the investment is still held. | Information pending verification |
| Paraguay Investor Permanent Residence | USD 70,000Productive investment (from) | Spouse, children under 18 and eligible unmarried adult children. | Permanent residents must visit Paraguay at least once every three years. | The investor certificate is reported to be issued within five business days of a complete application; the residence card takes longer. |
| Brazil Residency through Real Estate Investment | BRL 700,000Urban real estate, North and Northeast (minimum) | Information pending verification | At least 14 days in Brazil, continuously or in separate stays, in each two-year period from Federal Police registration. | Information pending verification |
| Quebec Investor Program (Canada) | CAD 200,000Non-refundable financial contribution | Spouse or common-law partner and dependent children. | After selection, a stay of at least 12 months in Quebec within two years of the work permit, at least six of them by the applicant. | Information pending verification |
| Costa Rica Investor Residence | USD 150,000Qualifying investment (from) | Spouse, children under 18 and single dependent children under 25. | At least one day a year in Costa Rica. | About 9 to 12 months. |
| Malaysia My Second Home (MM2H) | USD 150,000Fixed deposit (Silver) | Spouse, dependent children and dependent parents. | MM2H: about 90 days a year for the main applicant and spouse. | Information pending verification |
| Montenegro Residence through Property | EUR 150,000Property (taxable value, from) | Information pending verification | One visit to Montenegro during the application. | Information pending verification |
| Colombia Investor Visa | COP 612,816,750Real estate (minimum, 350 SMMLV) | Spouse or permanent partner, and financially dependent children under 25. | The M visa lapses after more than 180 continuous days outside Colombia; the R visa after more than two years outside. | Information pending verification |
| Japan Business Manager Status of Residence | JPY 30,000,000Business capital or investment in Japan (minimum) | Spouse and children can be granted Dependent status of residence; parents are not covered by that status. | Information pending verification | Information pending verification |
| Dominican Republic Investor Residence | USD 200,000Qualifying investment (from) | Spouse and minor children. | No minimum stay required to keep the status. | Information pending verification |
| Türkiye Residence Permit through Property | USD 200,000Residential property (from) | Spouse and children under 18. | Information pending verification | Information pending verification |
| Qatar Residency through Property Ownership | QAR 730,000Property (residence threshold, minimum) | Information pending verification | At least 90 days a year in Qatar, continuously or in separate stays, for both property levels. | Information pending verification |
| Greece Golden Visa | EUR 250,000Conversion / restoration property | Spouse, children under 21 and parents of the applicant and spouse. | No minimum stay required; the investment must be kept to renew the permit. | About 4 to 6 months, depending on the investment route. |
| Hungary Guest Investor Programme | EUR 250,000Real estate fund units | Spouse or registered partner, children under 18 of the applicant or spouse, and dependent adult children in specific circumstances. | No habitual residence requirement. | The official administrative deadline is 21 days, excluding the time needed to submit proof of investment and to correct any deficiencies. |
| Italy Investor Visa | EUR 250,000Innovative start-up shares | Spouse, children and dependent parents may apply without additional investment. | No specific physical-presence requirement is stated. | The Investor Visa Committee issues its assessment within 30 days of a complete application (the clock stops while extra information is requested); the investor then applies for a 2-year visa at an Italian consulate. The investment or donation must be made within three months of arrival in Italy. |
| Portugal Golden Visa | EUR 250,000Cultural heritage / artistic support (from) | Spouse, dependent children and dependent parents. | At least 7 days in Portugal in the first year and 14 days in each subsequent two-year period, continuous or not (official SEF renewal guidance, now administered by AIMA). | A large backlog: about 39.6 months reported in March 2026. |
| Panama Qualified Investor Residency | USD 300,000New property (from) | Children and a spouse can be included; children and a spouse married after approval can be added later. | No residence requirement; one visit every two years is advised. | Investment certification within 15 business days and a residence decision within 30 business days of a complete file. |
| Cyprus Permanent Residence by Investment | EUR 300,000Qualifying investment (from) | Spouse and children under 18. Unmarried children aged 18–25 who study abroad and are financially dependent may apply separately, with EUR 10,000 more annual income required for each. | No minimum stay, but the permit lapses if residence in Cyprus is not taken up within a year of approval or after two years' continuous absence. | The authorities estimate about two months to examine a complete application. |
| France Talent Residence Permit, Direct Economic Investment | EUR 300,000Investment in business fixed assets in France (minimum) | Spouse and minor children, who receive talent-family residence cards. | Information pending verification | Information pending verification |
| Bahrain Golden Residency | BHD 130,000Qualifying property (from) | Spouse, children and parents can be sponsored on the holder's Golden Residency; age limits are not stated. | No minimum stay is stated on the official service pages. | Five working days for the property-owner service, according to the official service page. |
| Indonesia Golden Visa | USD 350,000Government bonds, public company shares or deposits, five-year stay (minimum) | Information pending verification | Information pending verification | Information pending verification |
| Mauritius Residence through Property or Investment | USD 375,000Approved property (more than) | Spouse or partner, parents and dependent children up to age 24. | Information pending verification | Information pending verification |
| Malta Permanent Residence Programme | EUR 375,000Property purchase (from) | Spouse or partner, children under 18, unmarried children up to 28 who are principally dependent, and financially dependent parents and grandparents of either spouse. | No minimum stay. Holders file annual declarations on property, health insurance and capital during the first five years. | Due diligence typically takes about 3–7 months; the property, contribution and donation must be completed within eight months of approval in principle. Applicants may ask for temporary residence when they apply: a one-year renewable card once basic checks are done and the first EUR 15,000 is paid, revoked if the application is refused. |
| Thailand Long-Term Resident (LTR) Visa, Wealthy Global Citizen | USD 500,000Thai government bonds, company or property investment (minimum) | Spouse and children under 20, up to four dependants in total; partners are not eligible. | No minimum stay in Thailand is stated. | The Board of Investment notifies the endorsement result within 20 working days, longer if more documents are requested; the visa is issued after endorsement. |
| Oman Golden Residency | OMR 200,000Property, company, bond, share or deposit investment (minimum) | Spouse and children, with no age limit; up to three domestic workers. | Information pending verification | Information pending verification |
| UAE Golden Visa | AED 2,000,000Qualifying property, 10-year visa | Golden Residency holders can obtain residence permits for their spouse, their children regardless of age, and their parents (ICP). | Golden visa holders may stay outside the UAE for longer than the usual six-month limit without the visa lapsing. | In Dubai, the Land Department's service time is 7 to 10 business days. |
| Luxembourg Investor Residence Permit | EUR 500,000Company investment (from) | Spouse and dependent children. | At least six months a year in Luxembourg to renew the permit. | About six months to become resident. |
| New Zealand Business Investor Work Visa | NZD 1,000,000Established business purchase, standard pathway (minimum) | Partner and dependent children can be included in the application. | Information pending verification | Information pending verification |
| Bulgaria Permanent Residence by Investment | EUR 511,292Fund units or concession rights (about) | Spouse, unmarried children under 18 (or older if unable to support themselves) and parents of the applicant or spouse. | Current rules remove status after 12 consecutive months outside the EU; a pending bill would require more than six months a year in Bulgaria. | About 6 to 8 months to the permanent residence card. |
| United States EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program | USD 800,000Targeted employment area or infrastructure project | Spouse and unmarried children under 21. | Green card holders are expected to live in the United States; long absences can put permanent residence at risk. | Information pending verification |
| Mauritius Golden Visa | USD 1,000,000Qualifying business investment (minimum) | Immediate dependants: spouse and children. | No minimum stay is stated; the visa allows multiple entries. | Five working days from the date a complete application is accepted. |
| The Bahamas Permanent Residence | USD 1,000,000Real estate or Central Bank bonds (from) | Spouse and dependent children. | No minimum stay or physical presence required. | About 6 to 18 months. |
| Saudi Arabia Premium Residency | SAR 4,000,000Real Estate Owner property (from) | Spouse, children under 25 and parents; unmarried daughters over 25 and children with special needs may also qualify. | No minimum stay is stated for the fee-based products. | The government service lists a duration of 90 working days. |
| Jersey High Value Residency | GBP 1,750,000Apartment purchase (from) | Information pending verification | Information pending verification | Usually about one month, unless more information is requested. |
| Cayman Islands Residence by Investment | KYD 2,000,000Developed real estate (permanent residence) | Spouse and financially dependent children. | No strict minimum stay while the investment and residence conditions are kept. | Information pending verification |
| New Zealand Active Investor Plus | NZD 5,000,000Growth category | Partner and dependent children up to age 24. | At least 21 days in New Zealand over three years (Growth) or 105 days over five years (Balanced). | About four months from a complete application. |
| Hong Kong New Capital Investment Entrant Scheme | HKD 30,000,000Total investment | Spouse and unmarried dependent children under 18. | Usually granted an initial stay of 24 months; extensions only while the criteria are still met. | Information pending verification |
| Singapore Global Investor Programme | SGD 10,000,000Business investment (Option A) | Spouse and unmarried children under 21 at the date of application. Parents and unmarried children aged 21 or over cannot be included for permanent residence; they can apply for a long-term visit pass tied to the investor's re-entry permit. | No fixed number of days. The first re-entry permit is valid for five years; renewing it for five years requires the investor or their dependants to have lived in Singapore for more than half the time, as well as the option's own conditions. | About 9 to 12 months. |
| Argentina Rentier and Pensioner Residence | No investment. Monthly income of at least five times the national minimum wage (Salario Mínimo, Vital y Móvil). | Information pending verification | Information pending verification | Information pending verification |
| Austria Settlement Permit (Private Means) | No investment. Regular monthly income of at least EUR 2,616.78 (single) or EUR 4,128.24 (couple), plus EUR 403.76 per child (2026 figures). | Spouse and dependent children; the required liquid funds rise with family size. | The holder is expected to live in Austria; the permit is usually issued for 12 months and renewed. | Information pending verification |
| Mexico Temporary Residence (Economic Solvency) | No investment. Monthly income above 680 days of UMA over the last six months, or an average monthly balance of 11,460 days of UMA over the last twelve months; consulates state the amount in their own terms (Washington: MXN 83,640 a month, or MXN 1,394,000). | Spouse, children under 18 and dependent parents. | No strict minimum stay for temporary residence. | Information pending verification |
| Monaco Residence Card | No fixed investment; a Monaco bank deposit of at least EUR 500,000 is commonly reported for applicants without local professional income. | Spouse or partner and financially dependent children. | Genuine residence in Monaco is required to keep and renew the card. | Information pending verification |
| Serbia Temporary Residence | No fixed minimum investment. | Information pending verification | Information pending verification | Information pending verification |
| Switzerland Lump-Sum Taxation Residence | No investment. Taxed on living costs of at least seven times the annual rent or rental value, with legal minimums (for example CHF 400,000 in Solothurn). | Spouse and dependent children; dependent parents only in special circumstances. | You must live in Switzerland and spend significant time there; no exact number of days is set. | About 3 to 6 months from the residence permit application. |
| Thailand Privilege Visa | No investment. Membership fees from THB 650,000 (Bronze, five years). | Spouse, children and parents on most Privilege tiers; Bronze and Gold cards cover the holder only. | No minimum stay required. | Information pending verification |
| UK Innovator Founder Visa | No fixed minimum investment. | Partner and children can apply as dependants. | No more than 180 days' absence in any 12-month period counts towards settlement. | Usually 3 weeks when applying from outside the UK and 8 weeks from inside, once identity and documents are provided. |
| Uruguay Legal Residence | No investment. Proof of a regular monthly income sufficient to live on; no fixed amount is published. | Information pending verification | No yearly day count for legal residence, but absences of more than six consecutive months restart the time counted for citizenship. | Information pending verification |
| Uruguay Tax Residence by Investment | Real estate above 3.5 million indexed units (about USD 583,000 in November 2026) with 60 days a year in Uruguay; real estate above 15 million indexed units; or a business investment above 15 million indexed units creating 15 jobs. | Information pending verification | At least 60 days a year in Uruguay for the 3.5 million indexed-unit real estate route, with ownership on 31 December. | Information pending verification |
What the tables cannot tell you
Costs rise with each dependant, government and due diligence fees are charged on top, and timelines reported by industry sources are often longer than official targets. Use the Family Investment Calculator for a figure for your own family, and our guide to processing times for why timelines differ.
Before you rely on a figure
Programme rules change, and a figure here is only as current as our last check of that programme. Confirm any figure with an advisor before relying on it.
Reviewed by Martin Albers, Head of ResearchSample profile
General information only — not legal, tax or financial advice.
